John McCarthy © by eschipul
One of the most common AI applications programmers have played with over the years is Eliza. Like others at the time, one of my first attempts at writing an interesting piece of software in my youth was to alter an Eliza program written in BASIC (as taken from the pages of Creative Computing, for all you old-timers). Eliza is a simple software psychoanalyst created in the 60’s by Joseph Weizenbaum. While Eliza wasn’t written by McCarthy, she was certainly a product of his inspiration on the industry.
Ever since the new iPhone came out with Siri, the digital assistant, I’ve been thinking about comparing her to Eliza. I don’t often get to play with AI here at Parasoft and the death of McCarthy brought the topic to my mind again. I’ve put together a small comparison of questions and answers from Siri and Eliza. Note that with Siri, your mileage may vary, she doesn’t always answer the same way. I’ve obviously skipped most of the “useful” things that Siri can do, as it would be an unfair comparison for poor old Eliza, who doesn’t have all the modern advantages that Siri does.
It’s interesting because while they share a common logical bond, their personalities are very different. Siri was designed to be helpful and amusing. Eliza was specifically designed not to be helpful, in that she’s supposed to be a therapist and lead you to your own conclusions rather than give you answers. Eliza isn’t an assistant, she’s an attempt to play the “imitation game” also known as the turing test.
For the samples below I used a java version of Eliza that you can try for yourself on the web.
Samples:
Q: Can you help me?
E: You believe I can help you don’t you ?
S: You can say thinks like… (A list of sample queries)
Q: What are you doing?
E: Why do you ask ?
S: Just thinking
Q: Who is your favorite composer?
E: Why are you concerned over my favorite composer?
S: I guess I don’t have one.
Q: Are you married?
E: Why are you interested in whether I am married or not ?
S: We were talking about you, not me.
Q: What is your name?
E: I am not interested in names.
S: My name? It’s Siri.
Q: You are beautiful
E: What makes you think I am beautiful?
S: Oh, Stop.
Q: I love you
E: Perhaps in your fantasies we love each other.
S: Oh, Stop.
Q: How are you?
E: Does that question interest you?
S: I am well ____ (name)
Q: What do you think?
E: What is it you really wanted to know?
S:It’s nice of you to ask, but it doesn’t really matter what I think
or I think differently.
Q: Good night
E: I’m not sure I understand you fully.
S: Ah… it’s still only _____ (fill in the time)
or other answers depending on the time of day.
Q: Can you send a message to my brother?
E: Tell me more about your family.
S: I don’t know who your brother is, To whom shall I send it, I need a contact name, phone number, or email address.
orWhat do you want to say to ____ (your brother)?
I’m not sure about all of the reasons they’re so different. Sure, the state of the art in AI has come a long way since the 60’s. Or is it just that men’s expectations of women have changed? I was tempted to write that perhaps people are more friendly or helpful now than in the 60’s but that’s ridiculous. Perhaps it’s only that computers are now more helpful and friendly than they were. Is it possible that Eliza’s seeming bad mood had something to do with her obvious handicaps in memory and CPU. Maybe she was aware of this, and it caused her to be ill-tempered? In any case, Eliza comes across as a bit cynical, while Siri is much more light-hearted most of the time. Siri’s mood can definitely change as you can see from some of the answers.
It occurs to me that it would be funny to get Siri to talk to Eliza – would Eliza help Siri, or would Siri end up making Eliza more friendly?
So if your computer was nice to you today, thank John McCarthy.
[Update I added a few more links and minor clarification as well as AI resources]
Here’s a list of my favorite fiction books about killer AI.
Some resources on AI artificial intelligence:
Artificial Intelligence: The Basics
Artificial Intelligence for Humans, Volume 1: Fundamental Algorithms
Artificial Intelligence in the 21st Century (Computer Science)
The Artificial Intelligence Revolution: Will Artificial Intelligence Serve Us Or Replace Us?
